Challenges and Benefits of Workplace Diversity

Introduction Since globalization and multiculturalism have become synonymous aspects of the global market place companies tend to respond to the diverse consumer and cultural demographics to which they sell their products and services to stay relevant.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Challenges and Benefits of Workplace Diversity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A company that limits itself in terms of diverse employee demographics runs the risk of being unable to understand the quirks and cultural norms in specific ethnic and racial markets resulting in the creation of an ill-equipped marketing and sales strategy which very likely will result in adverse consequences for the company in terms of the number of products sold and the degree of market penetration. Taking such factors into consideration, most modern-day companies attempt a certain degree of racial, gender and cultural diversity in the employee s they hire. This enables the creation of unique product concepts, sales strategies and marketing mixes based on the views and backgrounds of this diversified workforce. Other benefits derived from workplace diversity come in the form of higher employee retention due to a company culture that supports equality and racial acceptance rather than discrimination and divisiveness. It is also noted that multiethnic and multi-gender companies tended to have higher rates of productivity due to greater employee satisfaction over the company’s policies which results in better overall profits for the company due to increased productivity. On the other hand, it cannot be stated that the implementation of a racial, cultural and gender diverse workforce will automatically result in better company performance. As Thomas and Woodruff (1999) states there must be a distinct benefit derived from the implementation of a diverse workforce otherwise it doesn’t make sense for a company to im plement a hiring strategy that attempts to gain a breadth of experience from having multiple genders, cultures and ethnicities when it doesn’t need nor even utilize the benefits such employees could have on company operations (Thomas Woodruff, 1999). In fact it is even argued by Ilmakunnas Ilmakunnas (2011) that various laws and regulations mandated by the U.S. Federal law that prohibits preferential hiring practices to a particular race, ethnicity or gender is actually detrimental to the standard operations of a specific company or firm since at times a diverse workforce is not what it needs in order to properly conduct business (Ilmakunnas Ilmakunnas, 2011).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Focusing on the arguments of Ilmakunnas Ilmakunnas (2011) it can be stated that while it may be true that a diverse workforce is oftentimes needed in order to generat e new ideas and concepts for sales and marketing, it cannot really be said that it is a requirement for all companies. An examination of various enterprises located in regions such as Europe and Asia reveal that some companies are able to operate perfectly fine with a non-diversified workforce and are even able to excel in their respective target markets. This can be seen in the case of Japan and China, where a majority of workplaces are predominantly Japanese males with few females and other racial ethnicities in their respective work environments. It must be questioned whether workplace diversity should be considered an option for companies or should it be considered a business requirement in an era of integrating financial markets where a diversified workforce enables the creation of unique strategies and points of view? Examining the Case of Diversified Workplaces in the U.S. First and foremost, what must be understood is that at times diversified workforces are actually a requi rement in order to meet a certain need. For example, AT T is currently the second-largest mobile service provider within the U.S. servicing millions of customers on a daily basis. Due to the rising proportion of Spanish speaking individuals within the country this has necessitated a certain degree of workplace diversity within the company due to the need to address the fact that some individuals would prefer speaking Spanish rather than English. Evidence of this can be seen in the Spanish representative options when talking to AT T customer service. This is one case where workplace diversity is a requirement yet it cannot really be said that in all cases a diversified workforce becomes a necessity.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Challenges and Benefits of Workplace Diversity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, when it comes to factory workers assembling cars, constructing electronics or a var iety of other forms of manual labor workplace diversity isn’t really a necessity since gender, ethnicity and culture don’t really impacts how a person constructs a car or device that they were trained to do. In fact workplace diversity in this particular case can actually be considered detrimental due to the fact that language and cultural barriers do occur when hiring people of Latin American, Mexican or other non-English speaking ethnicities resulting in problems in regards to communication, employee relations as well as other forms of barriers that result in problems in regards to creating a conducive work environment for efficient operations. It must also be noted that though rarely there are instances where people originating from different ethnicities cannot properly work together due to racial tensions. This was actually seen in various parts of Arizona and Texas wherein racial tensions between ethnic Mexicans and Caucasians escalated to outright racial discrimi nation due to the perception that people of Latin American heritage entered the country illegally and were a drain on the country’s resources. Based on the examples presented it must be questioned whether outside of workplace diversity being a requirement due to the line of business a particular company is in, would it actually be implemented if there were no federally mandated laws enforcing workplace diversity within the U.S.? One attempt at answering this question comes in the form of arguments utilizing the psychological term â€Å"Speciesism† which is based on the belief that the group or a particular individual belongs to, is inherently superior to all other groups. This is more commonly known as the belief in gender and racial superiority and as argued by Luzadis, Wesolowski Snavely (2008) can be seen in hiring practices more often than one would think (Luzadis, Wesolowski Snavely, 2008).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is also argued by Luzadis, Wesolowski Snavely (2008) that what limits behaviors related to hiring practices according to perceived gender and racial superiority is federally mandated laws, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as well as the perceived need for the skills of that particular individual (Luzadis, Wesolowski Snavely, 2008). Another way of looking at this is based on the views of Yang Konrad (2011) who examined workplace diversities and its effects on company performance, â€Å"in the case of the U.S. where there is a high degree of multiculturalism it is often the case that companies acquire a diversified workforce whether intentional or not, yet what must be understood is that as companies attempt to expand into new markets it becomes necessary to expand the diversity of workforces as well since the U.S. unlike other countries is so culturally and ethnically diverse that to not do so would severely limit market penetration especially in areas with differing ethn icities and cultures† (Yang Konrad, 2011). This particular view does show that workplace diversity is inherently a necessary aspect for companies targeting consumer markets that are ethnically and culturally diverse and as such it reveals that it is more of a necessity rather than an option when it comes to ensuring that a company continues to thrive and succeed especially in the current economic downturn which has resulted in the need for strategies involving diversifying marketing strategies to penetrate new consumer markets. Challenges of Workplace Diversity One of the inherent challenges in implementing sufficient workplace diversity is in creating sufficient channels of communication within an organization. While it is already a well-known fact that channels of communication are one of the cornerstones of any successful business what must be understood is that when it comes to having a diverse workplace environment, it entails the use of added practices so as to sufficie ntly relay messages across different ethnicities and cultures. What must be understood is that people from different cultures and ethnicities tend to perceive messages in many different ways due to the unique quirks of their method of understanding. Some messages may be interpreted as insulting and vice-versa and as such, it is essential to implement methods of communication that take this into consideration so as to reduce possible misinterpretations of what is being said. Another challenge to take into consideration are factors related to cultural bias and prejudice that affect the ability of workers to work harmoniously at their respective jobs. As mentioned earlier in the case involving Mexicans and Caucasians within Arizona and Texas there was a certain degree of cultural bias as well as prejudice resulting in work-related conflict as well as instances of intentional discrimination resulting in not only substantial reductions in performance but the loss of certain operational c apacities as workers from both sides left in favor of being in a less conflict-ridden environment. Companies that want to be able to take advantage of a diversified work environment need to implement measures to reduce cultural bias and prejudice. This can come in the form of team-building exercises; company sponsored behavioral training or even joint vacations, all of which should help necessitate proper communication and collaboration between members of different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. One interesting aspect related to promoting workplace diversity, as indicated by Alessandra and Hunsaker (2008) comes in the form of promotions and rewards that honor diversity (Alessandra and Hunsaker, 2008). They note that at times promoting workplace diversity through the use of promotions and rewards can actually cause negative feedback within workplace environments from white males due to them feeling â€Å"cheated† as direct result of company practices that promote diversity i n the workplace. The reason behind this is connected to the fact that seniority usually plays a large role in promotions and rewards within a company and as such, it is often the case that some individuals feel â€Å"entitled† towards receiving their fair share of acclaim based on their time with the company (Alessandra and Hunsaker, 2008). Addressing this particular issue is a particularly difficult challenge for managers since not only do they have to balance prerogatives in promoting workplace diversity, but they also need to ensure that the majority within a workplace stays happy as well. Mishandling of this particular type of situation may resulting in one group feeling alienated which would could adverse reactions within workplace environments, The final challenge that companies should take into consideration is the concept of corporate assimilation and how this affects an individual’s productivity. As noted by Reio Jr. Sutton (2006)assimilation is a way in whic h a worker is negatively affected by an organization’s business and corporate culture wherein they are unable to sufficiently express themselves utilizing their ethnic and cultural backgrounds due to constraining rules and regulations at their work environment (Reio Jr. Sutton, 2006). Alessandra and Hunsaker (2008) support this argument by showing how the historical approach to dealing with employee diversity has been to expect minority groups within organizations to adapt to an organizations dominant culture however as seen in the case examples they provide it is evident that such strategies don’t work due to many members of the minority feeling constrained, restricted and otherwise gagged resulting in lower employee performance higher churn rates within companies (Alessandra and Hunsaker, 2008). Based on the views of Alessandra and Hunsaker (2008) it can be stated that â€Å"managers must understand how cultural diversity affects the expectations and behavior of ev eryone in the organization† as such it cannot be expected that everyone within the company will act in the same manner or can be managed in the same way (Alessandra and Hunsaker, 2008). Taking this into consideration companies need to implement new business culture practices that enable people to express themselves based on their cultural and ethnic background so as to encourage positive employee productivity rather than negative employee performance results as a direct result of constraining factors on their ability to express themselves. Benefits of Workplace Diversity With the recent financial recession affecting not only the U.S. economy but the global economy as well, this necessitates the need for creativity and innovation in being able to access new markets in order to sell particular products and services. As mentioned earlier workplace diversity actually enables a company to utilize a pool of individuals that come from different backgrounds, cultures and ethnicities i n order to access their unique views and skills. What must be understood is that regular marketing and sale strategies that have been implemented for the company’s original market may not be as effective when applied to new markets and as such this calls for views and opinions of people that either belong to that particular consumer segment or understand it to an extent in order to implement sufficient strategies for sales and market penetration. One example of a failure of proper marketing was seen in the strategy of Coca Cola when it tried to enter Chinese market. Their marketing campaign consisted of merely translating their slogan of â€Å"We bring you to life† into Chinese and using that in their marketing and print ads. Unfortunately, its translation wound up as â€Å"we bring your dead relatives to life† and as such wound up costing the company millions in changes to its original slogan. Another example of failures in marketing and sales came when Gerber expanded into Africa and did not take into account the predilections of local companies to place a picture of what was inside a product on a product label due to many Africans not knowing how to read. This, of course, resulted in a rather embarrassing recall by Gerber due to Africans perceiving each product by Gerber as containing babies. It is this and quite literally hundreds of other examples that show how having a diversified workplace with multiple viewpoints and different levels of understanding are essential for any company. A diverse workplace enables better methods of problem-solving, allows the company to successfully market itself to different consumer groups, helps to promote innovation and furthermore creates an excellent corporate image due to its practice of creating a multicultural and multiethnic workforce. Reference List Alessandra, T., Hunsaker, P. (2008). The new art of managing people. New York: Free Press. Ilmakunnas, P., Ilmakunnas, S. (2011). Diversity at t he workplace: whom does it benefit?. De Economist (0013-063X), 159(2), 223-255. Luzadis, R., Wesolowski, M., Snavely, B. (2008). Understanding criterion choice in hiring decisions from a prescriptive gender bias perspective. Journal of  Managerial Issues, 20(4), 468-484. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Reio Jr., T. G., Sutton, F. C. (2006). Employer assessment of work-related competencies and workplace adaptation. Human Resource Development  Quarterly, 17(3), 305-324. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Thomas, R., Woodruff, M. I. (1999). Building a house for diversity: How a fable  about a giraffe elephant offers new strategies for today’s workforce. AMACOM Books. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Yang, Y., Konrad, A. M. (2011). Understanding diversity management practices: implications of institutional theory and resource-based theory. Group   Organization Management, 36(1), 6-38. 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Hiral Patel Essays (795 words) - Discrimination, Demography

Hiral Patel Essays (795 words) - Discrimination, Demography Hiral Patel December 1, 2014 SOC 224 ONLN Self-Assessment Analysis Sociology is the study of human relationships in the society. The basic sociology course helps introduce to the social world of societies. It helps students to think and to believe that everything is influenced by the societies that they live in. The way people are treated at work and in societies determines their position and place in society. Sociology 101 was an exciting and knowledgeable course that encouraged thinking beyond what is given to you. Never did I realize that everyday decisions and activities contributed to relationships and the world itself. I find that sociology is the only field of study that analyzes and explains the matters in our lives and our communities. It helps explain the social causes of racial and gender identity. It helps to examine diversity in colleges and how important migrations can be for immigrants in search of better lives. Being a student, diversity in colleges was the subject that caught my attention the most. Diversity is important in colleges because it helps students learn to help and appreciate other students of diverse races. Diversity helps promote equality in schools and is also a bonus for the social status of the United States because promoting diversity will show other countries and people how the country treats everyone with equality. This attracts other people from all over the world to come and take a chance in the United States. In the United States, we see people of all backgrounds creating a life of their own. Many come in search of the American Dream while others come escaping from their old lives. United States gives each and everyone the opportunity to prove themselves and work to live better. It does not matter what color of skin people have. Although there may be some areas in the United States that still believe in race and color, there are still areas where diversity is promo ted. I did not realize how important diversity was in colleges until this class. I cannot forget the controversy issues that were discussed in this class. It is not just the subject of the papers but also the discussion of the issues itself. After all the students uploaded their controversy assignments we all had to post comments about what we thought of the issues. That was when we faced the real issues as sociologists. Analyzing such issues made many of us realize the controversies going around the country at this time. Because of the controversy issue, I was able to realize that although equality is promoted in the United States, there should also be a limitation. The country cannot have all gay people marry each other and adopt children because we will be setting a bad example for people in other countries. There is no doubt that everyone should be treated equal but having children grow up in gay families is also unacceptable because then no one will believe in marrying the opposite sex. Another controversy issue that we discussed as a class was immigratio n. Although immigration laws should be kept strict, I found that there should be exceptions to immigrants who have families in the United States that are unwell. If someone is in the hospital or on the verge of dying, then the immigration laws should give exceptions for at least a week to visit the person. The last controversial issue that was discussed was that diversity should matter in colleges. There is no point of having different colleges if there are the same people all over the campus. What would be the point of having dorms then when people can study from their bedroom with the same people. Students attend colleges so as to build their strengths and to strengthen their weaknesses. These controversial issues will definitely be useful to me in my future career and educational goals. Gay rights, immigration laws, and diversity all play major roles in sociology, which is why they were controversial issues being discussed in my class. They will definitely be useful to me in the future because these are issues that come up at any point in my life. These topics are the most discussed topics in our societies today. Immigration

Criminal Profiling And Remote Monitoring Of A Computer Essay

Criminal Profiling And Remote Monitoring Of A Computer - Essay Example Although technology has most definitely benefitted us in every possible way, there are some areas in which it has created numerous problems for us. One of these main problems is criminal activity, which has become even more common due to the technological advancements of today’s world. It has also become challenging for the police or investigators to trace the criminals or solve the crime, as now instead of just physical evidence like eyewitnesses and statements, the scene of the crime now consists cybercrimes, spam’s, frauds etc. on computers or a network. Due to this, the sector of digital forensics investigation has been opened and is in continuous development, in order to come to date with the digitally advanced types of crimes. Criminal profiling has been present for some time now. The earliest effort to practice criminal profiling was done in the early twentieth century. During World War II, criminal profiling was used and a profile on Adolf Hitler was prepared, w hich helped in his eventual capture. Criminal profiling can be divided into two categories: inductive and deductive. Inductive profiling of criminals is done by studying different types of behavior, gathered from various data. It is a type of profiling where conclusion is reached based on observation and determines a general behavior from a group of criminals. This type of profiling allows using information from the data collected on a group of criminals, and is then used to guess the personality or characteristics of the whole group. This plays a critical role in understanding the mind of the criminals and their next move. Deductive profiling is more specific as compared to inductive profiling. While inductive profiling is more general in nature, deductive logic requires a more precise approach. A single case is studied, and then a behavioral profile is formed on that case. But no matter which type of profiling is used, this method usually does not single out the suspect but reduce s the number so that it becomes easier to identify the suspect. (Marc Rogers). Both the types of criminal profiling help in the digital forensic investigations. The number of suspects or the amount of evidence gathered in a network check leads to the collection of lot of data. From this data, the suspect needs to be identified and criminal profiling helps the investigator in doing that. The results acquired during criminal profiling aid in carrying out a distinctive search and the focus can be easily placed on a particular area. (Criminal Profiling in Digital Forensic, 2011) Discuss tools that could be used to remotely monitor a computer (with or without the computer owner’s awareness). You can discuss the technical solutions and the legal impacts. Also will this kind of evidence admissible? Are they admissible under which conditions? Monitoring different computers in an area and examining the activities on those computers is called remotely monitoring a computer. This superv ision of a network of computers is used extensively by investigators nowadays, but it is a fairly new practice, which began less than a decade ago. To monitor different computers, various Internet or computer management tools were introduced, which have now developed into mechanized practices used by forensics experts to find evidence from computers during an investigation. The courts have allowed the authorities to monitor the computers of people under probation, so that their activities are kept under check. Different types of software and tools have been developed since the monitoring of computers started. Field Forensic

Change management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Change management - Assignment Example Based on my personal reflection on the group case study, relevant change management theories and class discussion I intend to reflect on my personal perspective of managing change. My discussions will comprehensively indicate lessons learned from group case study, how my perspective on change management had been altered in the course of the semester and the implications of my current perspective of change management on my approach to future organisational change. I tend to regard Prosci’s ADKAR model of change as my personal perspective of managing change. According to Zimmermann (2011), ADKAR is a goal oriented change management model that is focused on individual level in an organisation. This model enables change management committee or relevant authority to focus their objectives on specific organization related results. I am of the opinion that organizational change entails adoption of new mindsets, internal and external policies, practices and organizational behaviours that are primarily pegged on the framework of individual’s culture and organizational culture. Therefore, ADKAR’s model in my perspective effectively enables individual and further organizational adjustment of prevailing culture and subsequently the behaviour. My analysis of the model indicated that it highly emphasized on employees’ transition into the new organizational status as opposed to other models of organizational change that are proc ess oriented. Surprisingly, I observed that all models of organizational change implement ADKAR’s elements of change either directly or indirectly since all organizational change entails behavioural and psychological transition of employees. With reference to the case study of my group, pay@pump of Caltex, creation of awareness that is an aspect of ADKAR model was instrumental in the implementation of Caltex’s operational changes. Consequently, my adoption of ADKAR’s model was informed by its universal practicality

Affirmative Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Affirmative Action - Essay Example Because of this, the execution debate of affirmative action has raged based on this policy principle on the people of America. America is against affirmative action as it is a form of reverse discrimination and goes against the very same principles for which it fights, meaning that, since affirmative action was created to fight for the rights of the people whose rights were violated, it continues to run and be applied, as well as implemented in modern times. Based on modern information on affirmative action, the threshold of implementing and meeting the margin between discrimination and integration has been crossed meaning that there is more integration and people who were once discriminated against now have equal opportunities. Implementation of affirmative action in modern times, therefore, is an act of discriminating against the people who discriminated against those who are now conducting the discrimination. As such, the argument is that it creates an unfair advantage for certain groups over others, which translates to it being a discriminatory action against certain groups, creating grounds for it to b e abolished and even done away with permanently. In addition, based on the same argument, the action or policy is a failure in terms of creating equal opportunities in the American society considering it only serves to counteract the gains made over many years in terms of protecting minority groups (Marklein). This can be seen in cases where minorities are discriminated where they are recognized by other members of society as having credible success as it is based on policies that go against the rest of the society by giving unfair advantages. Another argument against the same policy is based on the American constitution, where all individuals are subject to equal protection, which would then contradict the same policy of affirmative action. This is because the constitution calls for the protection of the rights of all Americans, which then

Scripting Types and Uses

Scripting Types and Uses A different type of scripting and their uses are; Maintaining cookies Website uses cookies to allow the user to use the website easily for example cookies will give your preference when visiting that website and gives you recommendations when buying things for example when buying things from the internet it will give you preferences to allow shopping much easier. Checking and validating input. The use of checking and validating input is when for example for searches or to check a certain box has been filed in correctly with the right information. Browser detention Browser detection is when a user types a website in the search bar and it shows recommendation of what you might be searching and it will show different types of searches to save you time and effort. Some old browser does not support JavaScript and can cause problems when inserting code as the browser will not recognise and understand JavaScript. And it will just show a bunch of code into the webpage when loading it. To avoid this note script allows HTML to ignore the comment that the user has inputted so that it will not show on the web page. JavaScript is an object orientated and event driven. Nature of languages Procedural- line by line and it write instruction and the computer just have to read it. Event driven Event driven is when a button is being executed by clicking that button. For example; Object oriented language mean that the codes are broken down into objects or pieces and each objects has its own properties.   Ã‚   Inserting script You can add script element to any HTML document by adding extra code into the page. You can add the JavaScript on the head section, body section as long as you have an opening script and a closing script or else it would not work when opening it in a web browser as it would just show you bunch of codes. And also you would need to have a script type to be to tell the web page that it is a script. Object -Most things in JavaScript is an object e.g Boolean, numbers. An object is a type of data which has its properties own and knows how to trigger it methods. Example var person = {firstName:John, lastName:Doe, age:50, eyeColor:blue}; Example from http://www.w3schools.com/js/js_object_definition.asp Method A method is a collection of statement that are grouped, methods are actions that can be performed on objects. The document write means is to output a message on the screen and it could be value or text. Write() This will write something directly into a html page e.g. Click() this can be a radio button that user can select and click, e.g. Male or female. open() this is to open up new browsers or a new tab. This can be used if the user will need to have to go on a external website e.g. windows.open(www.google.co.uk) Properties properties are building block of objects. There are many types of properties in JavaScript. Here is an example of a property using JavaScript. Example from surfside website. Handling events Events are things that happen to a HTML element. JavaScript can react to many events. Events are things that can happen in a browser. If an event is detected, then multiple thigs can happen in the browser e.g. a function might be triggered e.g. pressing a button. These are some of the main event; Onclick this will activate when a HTML element has been click by a user. Onmouseover this is triggered when the user hovers their mouse on a HTML element. Onload this is triggered when the page has finished loading. Onkeydown this is triggered when the user presses the down arrow on the keyboard. A function is a piece of script that be called when the script is run. For example A function in JavaScript us defined with a function keyword, with a name, and parentheses (). Functions names can contain letters, numbers, and different types of symbols. The code can be executed if the code is inside a curly bracket {}. function name(parameter1, parameter2, parameter3) { code to be executed} Example is taken from http://www.w3schools.com/js/js_functions.asp We use functions because we can reuse the code (define the code once and use it again as many times as the user wants). You can use the same code many times with a different argument. Hiding scripts Scripting language are not support in older browsers or updated browsers. Updated and newer browsers will know whats going in between the script, while older browser will not know. You can also comment to hide the script. Note script HTML: CSS: /* comment */ JavaScript: // You can also disable the script in the browsers settings. What we mean about the interaction and the use of client side scripting for web pages is that the client side uses a browser to connect to a static web pages that uses HTML and CSS that allows them to interact to the website. And that scripting allows the website to have interactivity to a user and make it dynamic. For example, when a client requested information from the website e.g. looking for a holiday. Variable is a container that holds a value or it can be a whole text and data. It can be change anytime var namefield=detailsform.fullname.value; value variable event.returnValue-false; this means that the event which is submitted cannot be executed if box or container has no value. Security issues One of the most common security problems of JavaScript is Cross-Site Scripting also known as XSS. Cross-Site Scripting enables the attackers to change the website to return a malicious script to user going on that website. As JavaScript is an object oriented scripting language, hackers can use tools such as XSS to write their code and harm the users machine and their information stored in the machine. The difficult thing about JavaScript malicious code is that it is hard to detect security breaches that are happening because its usually happening inside the website or inside the users machine without any warnings. https://www.veracode.com/security/javascript-security The HTML element tag we use to implement script is with an opening script and a closing script .If the user wants to run the same script in a different html page, then it should be best to put the JavaScript in one folder so that the user doesnt have to rewrite in all over again. You have to save the script file with a.js extension and you have to refer to it using the src attribute in the script tag. For example; Loops Example of loops example taken from Moodle. Loops is beneficial when you want to run the same code over and over again with different values. The For loop is the tool when you want to create a loop for (statement 1; statement 2; statement 3) { code block to be executed } Statement 1 this is executed before loop even start (code block) Statement 2 defines the conditions for running the room Statement 3 is executed each time the loop has been executed. http://www.w3schools.com/js/js_loop_for.asp A IF statement is a control statement that will allow the JavaScript to make decisions; For example; We use the if conditions if the specified condition is true. We use the else conditions if the same specified condition is false. The dot operator is used to as a separation technique which separate the objects from their methods and properties. Functions are pieces of code that can be written separately or within the ' tags and can be called or executed whenever programed to. Functions are never executed unless they are called. Below is an example of a function being declared within the '' tags and being called. Script 1 Internet Explorer Clicking the image on internet explorer will enlarge the image. Google Chrome In google chrome, if you click the image the image will download to your computer. Mozilla Firefox In Mozilla Firefox, if you click the image the image will download to your computer. Opera In opera , if you click the image the image will download to your computer. Script 2 Internet Explorer __________________________________________________________________________________ Google Chrome __________________________________________________________________________________ Mozilla Firefox _________________________________________________________________________________ Opera The browsers are output are different to each other because each of the way each browser renders web content. The code also runs differently depending on the browser you are using, this is because the string that it is being returned will vary between browsers.

Essay --

Behind the People The way an author writes can help you decide whether a character is good or bad, smart or stupid, or liked or hated. In the late 1840s, Nathaniel Hawthorne writes, â€Å"She thought of the dim forest, with its little dell of solitude, and love, and anguish, and the mossy tree-trunk† (187). The question gathered from the Scarlet Letter is as follows: Can authors give settings the same personified traits authors give characters? While the captivating characters of The Scarlet Letter play an important part of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s book, society and nature represent equally as vital role- society is portrayed as evil, whereas nature is portrayed as good. The town, in which Hester is first imprisoned and then held in front of the residents of the community, exemplifies the evilness that puritan society holds. Hawthorn notes that â€Å"the door of which was heavily timbered with oak, and studded with iron spikes† (41). The first paragraph of the story itself tells of the prison doors’ strong and intimidating purpose. Surrounded by the people of the Puritan Society is the scaffold. A public humiliation place where sinners are forced to climb upon, Hester is seen standing on the scaffold in every scene it appears in. Standing alone on the scaffold, the first time it is mentioned, is Hester and Pearl. Dimmesdale watches her stand in shame with the other fathers who sit in judgment of Hester. The scaffold separates Dimmesdale and Hester from one another. hen Dimmesdale asks Hester to speak of the man who has sinned with her, Hester, even though she must go through this suffering alone, refuses the name of he who has sinned, for fear of having Dimmesdale live a life of scorn and scrutiny with her upon the scaffold. Another exampl... ... (159) when she took off the sinful letter. Preferring the forest as a meeting place between Dimmesdale and herself, the forest behaves as a form of protection against society. Hester and Dimmesdale are able to speak freely of their sins, and their plans to run away together, while in the puritan society, Dimmesdale is unable to speak about his relationship with Hester and Pearl. Although Hester spent an equal amount in both society and nature, she tended to favor nature because of its protective and free atmosphere. Hester is relatable more to nature than society because of her free-willed spirit, and her will to survive against the puritan society. The good characteristics of nature are much like that of Hester, while society is more evil like Chillingworth. Because of this, the settings in The Scarlet Letter can be personified and given human characteristics.